Neuronoff Publications

Computational modeling of dorsal root ganglion stimulation using an Injectrode (2024)
Journal of Neural Engineering
A hybrid computational modeling approach that analyzes how the Injectrode system delivers electrical stimulation to the dorsal root ganglion, showing preferential engagement of large-diameter afferents with enhanced therapeutic margin by using larger surface area configurations.

Quantification of porcine lower thoracic spinal cord morphology with intact dura mater using high-resolution μCT (2024)
Journal of Neuroimaging
High-resolution micro-CT imaging study characterizing the detailed morphology of porcine spinal cord with intact dura mater, highlighting important anatomical differences between porcine and human spinal cords for more informed neuromodulation research.

Minimally Invasive Finding and Removal of an Injectrode in Hydrogel and Chronic Preclinical Models (2023)
Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface
Exploration of techniques for locating and removing Injectrodes, demonstrating their potential for both effective implantation and safe, complete extraction with minimal tissue damage in both synthetic models and chronic preclinical studies.

Electronic Bone Growth Stimulators for Augmentation of Osteogenesis in In Vitro and In Vivo Models: A Narrative Review of Electrical Stimulation Mechanisms and Device Specifications (2022)
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Comprehensive review of electronic bone growth stimulation technologies, examining mechanisms of action, device specifications, and efficacy in various models, with recommendations for improving reporting standards and scientific rigor in future studies.

Characterization of a Temporary Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Electrode Utilizing a Bioabsorbable Suture Substrate (2022)
IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society
Novel bioabsorbable electrode design using a polymer suture substrate coated with thin metal film, creating a temporary nerve stimulation interface that maintains electrical performance while being capable of harmless bioabsorption after treatment.

Augmented Transcutaneous Stimulation Using an Injectable Electrode: A Computational Study (2021)
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Computational investigation demonstrating how the Injectrode system reduces activation thresholds of target nerve fibers by an order of magnitude compared to surface-only stimulation, optimizing energy transfer for deep nerve stimulation while minimizing off-target effects.

Recruitment of Primary Afferents by Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation using the Injectrode (2021)
International IEEE EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering
Experimental study comparing afferent fiber recruitment patterns between the Injectrode and conventional electrodes for dorsal root ganglion stimulation, demonstrating the Injectrode's effectiveness in selectively activating target neural pathways.

Stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion using an Injectrode® (2021)
Journal of Neural Engineering
Investigation comparing the Injectrode with traditional cylindrical metal electrodes for dorsal root ganglion stimulation, evaluating recruitment patterns, stimulation thresholds, and clinical implications for pain management applications.

An Injectable Neural Stimulation Electrode Made from an In-Body Curing Polymer/Metal Composite (2019)
Advanced Healthcare Materials
An early (now abandoned) version of the Injectrode technology—a flowable prepolymer composite that cures in the body to form an electrically conductive interface with neural targets, demonstrating feasibility for stimulation with dramatically reduced mechanical stiffness compared to conventional electrodes.